Talking about Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Genotype testing
Many in the African and the Caribbean communities who have children or siblings living or dead from the complications of SCD do not want to talk about this disease, hence the necessity for us to let them know that they do not have to fill in their names on the questionnaires and for the interviewees, their names would not be mentioned as well. “There is a feeling of shame and it is looked at as a taboo within the community. It just makes others think that something is definitely wrong with your family and who will marry from a family that has such an incurable disorder.
It is best to be left as a secret. It is not a nice thing”. Said one of the African ladies interviewed
Some patients believed that to find a partner to marry them, they have to hide this condition.
Some of the participants that we interviewed believed that this secrecy stemmed from a culture whereby the less fortunate and the handicapped are looked down at. You have to be normal in every aspect to be accepted.
A lady said “When I arrived from Ghana, about 15 years ago, I was shocked to watch a lady come on live television and talked about how she had cancer”
We will never talk about things like that! We need a lot of help in adapting to the culture of speaking about our problems and issues”
Another concern for many also is the fact that they felt that many Canadian doctors neither understand the disease nor the emotional stress suffered by those affected by it and their families.
A 35-year-old patient said “I was rejected by many doctors on arrival from Nigeria, about three years ago. They kept telling me that I should find another doctor as they do not understand my disease. I eventually have to look for a doctor whose background is African”
She also mentioned that the ER medical professionals need to understand SCD more. On one of her emergency visits, she was left at the ER in excruciating pain for over 8 hours before finally being attended to. She added that a nurse told her that the reason she visits the hospital so often is that she is an addict who is now addicted to the medications. This shows the level of ignorance about sickle cell and the excruciating pain associated with it even among the medical professionals” she said.
It is our hope that this study will help both caregivers and the medical professionals understand that it is not that the SCD patients wanted a fix as they are not drug addicts but are living with a disease that affects minority groups and need to be understood properly if adequate help will be rendered to them.
Some of the young people who completed the questionnaires and were also interviewed whose age range between 18-35 unbelievably do not know their genotype even though many of them have seen some individuals go through the painful crisis associated with this disease.
Most of them believe that it is important to know one’s genotype but has not gotten around to it, while others don’t seem to think too much about it.
A young man said
“I am healthy and rarely fall sick, why should I worry about genotype testing?”
Another said “If you are man enough, you will not have children with SCD”
These responses clearly showed a lack of adequate education and knowledge on this matter.
Racial Discrimination
Most of the participants being interviewed believed that provinces such as Ontario which is home to many diverse minority groups that are affected by (SCD) are not doing enough to reduce the incidence of this disease. They suggested that the Ontario government should stop seeing it as a minority issue but as an Ontario problem, after all, more sickle cell births mean more money spent by the Ministry of Health on patient care.
Why not direct some resources to research, education, and support for the at-risk communities.
“We are part of this system and our issue should not be seen as just a minority issue,” said an elderly interviewee.
Asking those who know----
Speaking to those who are suffering from SCD and those who have lost close relatives to this disease, the overall important perspective on this disease and ----
What they will like to see includes the following:
“Educating our young people to know their carrier status when it comes to genetic disorders such as SCD is important if we want to reduce the number of children being born with this disease”.
“Children born with SCD should be born out of parental choice and not ignorance”.
“African-Canadians and other groups should be reached more readily when it comes to genetic counseling.”
“Medical professionals, nurses, and other caregivers should receive ongoing training about this disease and how to deal with sufferers”.
“Every Ontario doctor should not turn patients away but strive to understand the disease”.
“More Organizations educating people on this disease should be adequately funded”.
“There should be a resource center or some sort of special counseling center for communities such as African & Indians whose background cultures and attitude towards many issues are different from the Canadian culture”.
“Maybe there should be a group for spouses of those living with SCD” “
Those with SCD should be supported more as many of us are highly educated with university degrees but could not hold jobs because of the frequent in/out hospital admission” said a patient.
Comments:
Seed of life works to educate and inform the minority at-risk groups on SCD and how their future generations could avoid the agony of a disease that comes with complications such as acute chest syndrome, damage to the vital organs of the body including the heart, liver, kidney and the spleen. It also causes diabetes, high blood pressure, blindness, stroke, and premature death.
SCD comes in different forms chiefly among which are Sickle Hemoglobin C (SC), Sickle Cell Anemia (SS), Sickle Beta-Plus Thalassemia, and Sickle Beta Zero Thalassemia.
It affects people from the Sri-Lankan, Indian, Latin America, South America, Middle East, Caribbean, Asian, the Mediterranean as well as the African communities.
Many are dying from its complications while more parents and caregivers are stressed as they helplessly watch their loved ones suffer from the pain & agony of this disease. Thus many wish that the doctors and caregivers understand this disease more.
Seed of Life is working hard to reach at-risk groups affected by the different types of SCD with its educational campaign.
Our Findings:
Many are ignorant about genotype testing and SCD.
There is a very high incidence of the trait and the disease among the African and Caribbean populace living in Canada, thus it will be beneficial if more family doctors perform routine adult screening.
This will help carriers to know the choices open to them and make informed decisions about procreation.
It will also help mothers and patients to open up and discuss this disease more freely and join support groups.
More family doctors recommending adult screening means more doctors that know about SCD and the at-risk communities.
Education, Support, and Awareness
- Because individuals with SCD and their families need adequate support and understanding from the communities that they live in, we teamed up with the Canadian Blood Services to bring awareness to the ethnic groups to donate blood to those living with SCD and on continuous blood transfusion
- We educate family doctors that adult screening for SCD will help reduce the number of SCD births within the at-risk
- We are giving presentations about making informed choices and having all the necessary information before
- We have used various media outlets to create more awareness about this disease. Durham Chex 12 TV, Rogers TV, Global TV, CTV, CH CH TV, Planet Africa Television, Chin Radio, CHRY 105.5 FM, Share Magazine, Pride Magazine, various York Region Publications, GTA area publications, National Post, African Profile Magazine, etc are some of the
- We are working to bring the views of individuals with SCD from the at-risk communities to healthcare professionals and sickle cell
- We tell doctors and community groups about our organization so that they could refer people for genetic
- We have listed our organization on 211 for easy assessment for
- We will publish the study results in both professional journals and community newsletters so that many people will read
- Patients and their families need to know that they are not alone and need not suffer in silence anymore. Support groups are helpful
- Medical doctors and caregivers will receive adequate information and better information/education on caring for SCD
- That those in the at-risk communities need to know that in the absence of an available cure, making informed decisions through genetic carrier testing is action and the cure.
What’s next?
This study has led us to realize that more awareness is needed within the at-risk groups and reaching the minority groups especially the African and the South Asian communities who have the highest incidence of this disease has never been more important. We are currently working on recruiting more volunteers and providing them with adequate training.
Sickle Cell Awareness Group of Ontario 415 Oakdale Rd. Unit 235
North York, ON M3N 1W7
Tel: Toronto- (416) 745-4267
Web: https://sicklecellanemia.ca/
E-mail: sicklecellawarenessontario@gmail.com
Other Sickle Cell Organizations in Ontario:
Sickle Cell Association of Ontario Tel: (416) 789-2855
Camp Jumoke Tel: (416) 920-9213
Many thanks to all the participants, community leaders, spiritual leaders, medical professionals, patients, and caregivers who have been an integral part of our organization and work since its inception in the year 2005.
Together we will keep educating & enriching lives one person/group at a time.